Insights

Notes from the other side of the bench

Technical notes written by people who ran an accredited EMC laboratory before they supplied one. Standards-based and practical, with no brochure language.

Technical notes

What we have learned, written down

Each note takes one question we are asked in laboratories and answers it from the standard, in enough depth to act on.

Site validation · Uncertainty

The chamber is one of the biggest lines in your radiated uncertainty budget

What NSA and site VSWR are, where the chamber's deviation enters the CISPR 16-4-2 budget as a triangular term, and how much a validation result better than the tolerance is worth in the expanded uncertainty.

Site validation · Standards

Below 30 MHz, the chamber now has to prove itself too

CISPR 16-1-4 added NSIL, a site validation for 9 kHz to 30 MHz with a pair of loop antennas. The method, the geometry, who it applies to, and a measured result from a semi-anechoic chamber at 3 m.

Calibration · Standards

IEC 61000-4-2 Edition 3.0: what changed for the ESD gun and its calibration

The 2025 edition adds a second-peak limit to the discharge current, calibrates the air discharge tip for the first time and redraws the calibration set-up with a dimensioned ground plane. What each change means for a certificate.

Test methods · Calibration

Two detectors called "average", and the limit only means one of them

The CISPR-average detector and a spectrum analyser's average agree on a steady signal and part company on everything else. How they differ, and which one a CISPR or FCC average limit is written for.

Calibration

An EMI receiver is not a spectrum analyser with a CISPR badge

A sine-wave calibration cannot show CISPR 16-1-1 compliance. What Annex K and Table K.1 actually require, which rows a spectrum analyser calibration can never cover, and what to look for on the certificate.

Calibration · Test methods

One box, several lines: when you may use fewer of them

A three-phase LISN can be used for a single-phase product, but a three-line CDN cannot be used with two lines. The opposite answers come from how CISPR 16-1-2 and IEC 61000-4-6 define impedance.

Calibration

A network analyser is a tool, not a method

What CISPR 16-1-2 and IEC 61000-4-6 actually ask a LISN, ISN or CDN calibration to measure, why a raw S21 is not a voltage division factor, and how to read a scope or a certificate in two minutes.

Have a question a note should answer?

Send it to us. If it is one we hear often, it becomes the next note.

Suggest a topic   Calibration guides

Tell us what you need to test

We reply within one working day with a quote or a plan.

Contact us